Namely the bad, annoying, and eye-rolling cliches to avoid, but also knowing the trends that are fairly common but nobody seems to mind, or are perfectly fine with.
The story I'm thinking of is called "Journey of Accluciid". Many centuries into the future, humanity has discovered how to traverse the void between galaxies and is sending ships to start exploring and colonizing distant galaxies. The protagonist and his crew are sent to the Accluciid Galaxy, which is believed to be the largest galaxy ever discovered at the time, and the most mysterious.
Next to nothing is known about this distant galaxy, but it's more than 10,000 times the size of the Milky Way. The protagonist and his team volunteer for a dangerous adventure to begin mapping the galaxy and sending data back to the Milky Way. However, very little of the Accluciid is known, so every jump to a new star system is a risk that could end their lives.
In short, this would be a Sci-Fi that focuses SPECIFICALLY on discovery and exploration and doesn't follow the story of a military faction. Star Wars being a good example of this.
You know the slug that nearly eats Han, Chewie, Leia, and C-3PO in "The Empire Strikes Back"? This novel has one or more characters who would be wanting to study it and learn more about it. However, that's not to say they won't run into issues involving military powers in the story.